Coronaviruses (CoV)

Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV).

Structure and Characteristics

Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. They derive their name from the crown-like spikes on their surfaces, resembling the sun’s corona when viewed under an electron microscope.

Transmission and Spread

Coronaviruses can be transmitted between animals and humans, usually through respiratory droplets generated when an infected person coughs or sneezes. They can also spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the face or mouth.

COVID-19

The novel coronavirus identified in late 2019, known as SARS-CoV-2, causes the disease COVID-19. It was first reported in Wuhan, China, and has since become a global pandemic with millions of confirmed cases worldwide.

Prevention and Control

Preventive measures for COVID-19 include frequent handwashing, wearing face masks, practicing social distancing, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and following local health guidelines and recommendations.

Treatment and Vaccines

While specific antiviral treatments for COVID-19 are still under development, supportive care is provided to relieve symptoms and complications. Several vaccines have been authorized and are being administered worldwide to prevent the spread of the virus.