Coronary Heart Disease

Definition:

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), also known as coronary artery disease, is a common and serious condition that occurs when the blood vessels supplying the heart with oxygen and nutrients become narrowed or blocked. This restriction in blood flow can lead to various complications, including chest pain (angina), heart attack, and even heart failure.

Causes:

CHD is primarily caused by the buildup of plaque, a waxy substance made of cholesterol and other deposits, within the coronary arteries. This process, known as atherosclerosis, gradually narrows the arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. Several factors contribute to the development of CHD, including:

  • High blood pressure (hypertension)
  • High levels of LDL cholesterol (“bad” cholesterol)
  • Smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke
  • Diabetes
  • Obesity
  • Inactivity and sedentary lifestyle
  • Family history of CHD

Symptoms:

The symptoms of CHD can vary from mild to severe, and some individuals may not experience any symptoms at all until a heart attack occurs. Common symptoms include:

  • Chest pain or discomfort (angina)
  • Shortness of breath
  • Heart palpitations
  • Fatigue
  • Dizziness or lightheadedness

Diagnosis:

Diagnosing CHD involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examinations, and diagnostic tests. Healthcare professionals may recommend the following tests to assess the presence and severity of CHD:

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG)
  • Echocardiogram
  • Stress test
  • Coronary angiography

Treatment:

Managing CHD typically involves a comprehensive approach, aiming to relieve symptoms, slow the progression of the disease, and reduce the risk of complications. Common treatment strategies include:

  • Lifestyle modifications (e.g., healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation)
  • Medications (e.g., statins, beta blockers)
  • Coronary procedures (e.g., angioplasty, stent placement)
  • Cardiac rehabilitation

Prevention:

Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk of developing CHD. Prevention strategies include:

  • Maintaining a balanced diet low in saturated and trans fats
  • Engaging in regular physical activity
  • Avoiding tobacco smoke
  • Managing and controlling other related health conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes)
  • Reducing stress levels
  • Undergoing routine medical check-ups