Definition:
Congenital Nevus, also known as congenital melanocytic nevus, is a type of pigmented skin lesion that is present at birth. It is considered a benign (non-cancerous) overgrowth of melanocytes, which are the cells responsible for producing the pigment melanin.
Characteristics:
Congenital nevi vary in size, shape, and color. They can range from small, barely noticeable lesions to large and darkly pigmented patches of skin. The color can range from tan or light brown to black. They may have a smooth or rough texture and can be flat or raised. Hair growth and the presence of satellite moles are also common features.
Types:
Congenital nevi are classified into three types based on their size:
- Small congenital nevi: Usually less than 1.5 centimeters in diameter.
- Medium congenital nevi: Between 1.5 and 19.9 centimeters in diameter.
- Large or giant congenital nevi: Larger than 20 centimeters in diameter.
Risks and Complications:
Although most congenital nevi are harmless, they do carry a slightly increased risk of developing melanoma, a type of skin cancer. The risk is higher with larger or giant congenital nevi. Other complications may include psychological distress due to the cosmetic appearance of the lesion, as well as the potential for aesthetic changes over time, such as thickening or irregular pigmentation.
Treatment:
Treatment options for congenital nevi may include surveillance, laser therapy, surgical excision, or a combination of these methods. Decisions regarding treatment are based on the size, location, and cosmetic concerns associated with the nevus, as well as the individual’s overall health.