Definition of Conduction Deafness

Conduction deafness refers to a type of hearing loss that occurs when there is an obstruction or damage to the outer ear, ear canal, eardrum, or middle ear structures (such as the ossicles). This leads to a disruption in the transmission of sound vibrations to the inner ear, where they are converted into electrical signals and sent to the brain for interpretation.

Causes

The following factors can cause conduction deafness:

  • External ear canal blockage: Conditions like excessive earwax buildup, foreign objects in the ear, or ear infections can obstruct the ear canal and impede the passage of sound waves.
  • Eardrum perforation: A hole or tear in the eardrum, often due to trauma, infection, or sudden changes in air pressure, can disrupt sound conduction.
  • Middle ear infections: Infections in the middle ear, such as otitis media, can result in inflammation and fluid buildup, blocking sound transmission.
  • Malformation of ear structures: Birth defects or genetic conditions that affect the structure or functioning of the outer or middle ear can lead to conduction deafness.
  • Ossicle damage: Injury, disease, or abnormal growths in the tiny bones of the middle ear (ossicles) can interfere with the transmission of sound.

Symptoms

Individuals with conduction deafness may experience the following symptoms:

  • Reduced ability to hear faint sounds or whispers.
  • Muffled or distorted sound perception.
  • Difficulty understanding speech, especially in noisy environments.
  • A sensation of fullness or blockage in the affected ear.

Treatment

Depending on the underlying cause, treatment options for conduction deafness may include:

  • Removal of earwax or foreign objects from the ear canal.
  • Administration of antibiotics or antifungal medications to treat ear infections.
  • Surgical repair of eardrum perforations or malformations in ear structures.
  • Use of hearing aids to amplify sound vibrations and improve hearing.
  • In some cases, surgical procedures like ossiculoplasty or tympanoplasty may be recommended.

It is crucial for individuals experiencing any form of hearing loss to seek professional medical advice for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.