Closure refers to the ability of a function to remember and access its lexical environment, even when that function is executing outside its scope.

A closure is created when an inner function references variables from its outer function. The inner function has access to its own local variables, the variables of its parent function, and also the global variables.

Features of Closure:

• The inner function has access to the outer function’s variables even after the outer function has finished executing.
• The inner function retains a reference to its lexical scope, allowing it to access variables even if the outer function is no longer in memory.
• Closures can be used to achieve data privacy, as the variables within the outer function are not accessible from outside.

Benefits of Closure:

• Encapsulation: Closures encapsulate variables and functions, making them private and inaccessible from other parts of the code.
• Information Hiding: Closure allows for selective exposure of variables and functions, hiding the implementation details and providing only necessary access.
• Function Factories: Closures can be used to create specialized functions by pre-configuring them with certain predefined parameters.
• Module Pattern: Closures are often employed in modular programming, enabling the creation of independent and reusable modules.