Cloninger’s Typology

Definition: Cloninger’s typology is a personality classification system proposed by Robert Cloninger, a psychiatrist and researcher, based on his psychobiological model of personality. This typology aims to categorize individuals into three major personality types, specifically described as novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and reward dependence.

Novelty Seeking

Description: Novelty seeking is one of the three personality dimensions identified by Cloninger’s typology. Individuals classified as high in novelty seeking tend to be impulsive, exploratory, curious, and easily bored. They are motivated by new and exciting experiences, seeking out novelty and novelty-related stimuli.

Harm Avoidance

Description: Harm avoidance is another key personality dimension in Cloninger’s typology. Individuals classified as high in harm avoidance tend to be cautious, fearful, and anxious. They are more likely to avoid potential harm, danger, or punishment, and are often sensitive to criticism and disapproval.

Reward Dependence

Description: Reward dependence is the third personality dimension identified in Cloninger’s typology. Individuals classified as high in reward dependence tend to be sociable, affectionate, and seek approval from others. They are more likely to be motivated by social cues and rewards, and have a higher sensitivity to social interactions and affiliations.