Definition:

Clitoral circumcision refers to the cultural practice of removing some or all of the external clitoral tissue in females. Also known as female genital mutilation (FGM) or female circumcision, it involves the partial or total excision of the clitoris and other surrounding genitalia.

Subtypes of Clitoral Circumcision:

There are four major subtypes of clitoral circumcision:

Type 1 – Clitoridectomy:

Also known as sunna or clitoral excision, this subtype involves the partial or total removal of the clitoral glans (the visible external part of the clitoris) along with the prepuce (the fold of skin covering it).

Type 2 – Excision:

This subtype involves the partial or total removal of the clitoral glans and the inner labia (the folds of skin surrounding the vaginal opening).

Type 3 – Infibulation:

Infibulation is the most severe type of clitoral circumcision. It involves the removal of the clitoral glans, inner labia, and the stitching or narrowing of the vaginal opening, leaving only a small aperture for urination and menstruation.

Type 4 – Unclassified:

This subtype refers to any other harmful procedures performed on the female genitalia, including pricking, piercing, incising, scraping, or cauterizing without a specific classification.

Risks and Consequences:

Clitoral circumcision can have profound negative effects on a woman’s physical, sexual, and psychological well-being. Some of the potential risks and consequences include:

  • Severe pain during the procedure and immediate aftermath
  • Excessive bleeding
  • Infections, including tetanus and HIV
  • Urinary problems and recurrent urinary tract infections
  • Menstrual complications
  • Sexual difficulties, including pain during intercourse and reduced sexual pleasure
  • Persistent psychological trauma, such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

It is important to recognize that clitoral circumcision is internationally condemned and considered a violation of human rights. Efforts to eradicate this harmful practice focus on education, advocacy, and legal implications.