Definition of Celiac Sprue

Celiac sprue, also known as celiac disease or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an intolerance to gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When individuals with celiac sprue consume gluten, it triggers an immune response that damages the small intestine.

Symptoms

The symptoms of celiac sprue can vary widely among individuals and can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms may include:

  • Abdominal pain and bloating
  • Diarrhea or constipation
  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue
  • Irritability or depression
  • Anemia
  • Bone or joint pain
  • Skin rash

Causes

The exact cause of celiac sprue is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The condition tends to run in families and is more common in individuals with certain genetic variations. Gluten triggers an immune response in susceptible individuals, leading to inflammation and damage to the lining of the small intestine.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing celiac sprue involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests, and intestinal biopsy. Blood tests can detect certain antibodies that are elevated in individuals with celiac sprue. If the blood tests indicate a possibility of celiac sprue, a small piece of tissue called a biopsy is taken from the small intestine to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

The only effective treatment for celiac sprue is a strict lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. This involves avoiding all foods and products that contain gluten, such as wheat, barley, rye, and their derivatives. By following a gluten-free diet, individuals with celiac sprue can manage their symptoms, promote intestinal healing, and prevent complications.

Complications

Untreated celiac sprue can lead to various complications, including:

  • Malnutrition
  • Osteoporosis
  • Infertility or miscarriage
  • Neurological conditions
  • Intestinal cancer

Conclusion

Celiac sprue is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an intolerance to gluten. It can cause a wide range of symptoms and complications if left untreated. Following a strict gluten-free diet is essential for managing the condition and improving overall health.