Definition of Celiac Disease
Celiac disease, also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy or sprue, is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the body’s inability to tolerate gluten. Gluten is a protein commonly found in wheat, barley, and rye, triggering an immune response that damages the small intestine.
Causes
The exact cause of celiac disease is unknown, but both genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role. It is more common in individuals with a family history of the condition.
Symptoms
Celiac disease can manifest with a wide range of symptoms, which may vary from person to person. Common symptoms include:
- Abdominal pain and bloating
- Chronic diarrhea or constipation
- Fatigue and weakness
- Weight loss
- Anemia
- Nausea and vomiting
- Bone or joint pain
- Depression or anxiety
- Skin rash (dermatitis herpetiformis)
Diagnosis
Diagnosing celiac disease involves several steps, including:
- Medical history and physical examination
- Blood tests to check for specific antibodies
- Intestinal biopsy to assess the damage to the small intestine
Treatment
The primary treatment for celiac disease is a lifelong gluten-free diet. This involves avoiding all foods and products that contain gluten. A dietitian specializing in celiac disease can provide guidance on meal planning and ingredient selection to ensure a balanced and nutritional diet.
Potential Complications
If left untreated, celiac disease can lead to various complications, such as:
- Malnutrition
- Osteoporosis and bone fractures
- Lactose intolerance
- Infertility or miscarriages
- Neurological disorders
- Certain types of cancer
Conclusion
Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder that requires strict adherence to a gluten-free diet to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with celiac disease.