Psychological Concepts

Dunning-Kruger Effect The Dunning-Kruger Effect is a cognitive bias where individuals with low ability at a particular task overestimate their competence and demonstrate an inflated sense of superiority. On the other hand, individuals with high ability tend to underestimate their own competence, mistakenly assuming that tasks which are easy for them are also easy for […]

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) Description Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. It primarily affects males, usually appearing in early childhood. Cause DMD is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene, which is responsible for creating a protein called dystrophin. The absence or deficiency of

Duality of Language Duality of language refers to the idea that language can have two contrasting or complementary aspects, often seen in the context of linguistic studies and semiotics. It suggests that language is not a singular entity with a fixed meaning, but rather a complex system that can be understood in multiple ways. Contrasting

Dualism: Dualism refers to the philosophical stance that postulates the existence of two fundamental, contrasting, and irreducible principles or substances. 1. Substances: Dualism posits the existence of two distinct and independent substances that make up reality: the physical/material substance and the non-physical/immaterial substance. 2. Mind-Body Dualism: Mind-body dualism specifically addresses the relationship between the mind

Dual-Coding Theory Dual-Coding Theory, proposed by Allan Paivio in 1971, suggests that humans have two different cognitive systems for processing and representing information: verbal and non-verbal systems. Verbal System The verbal system primarily deals with language-based information, such as words, verbal descriptions, and auditory stimuli. It involves processing and representing information in a sequential, linear

Dual Representation Definition: Dual representation refers to a legal concept where an attorney represents both the buyer and the seller, or landlord and tenant, in a real estate transaction. This type of representation can occur when there is a conflict of interest or both parties agree to the same attorney. Explanation: In a dual representation

Dual Process Theory Dual process theory is a psychological framework that suggests that human decision making and cognitive processes involve two distinct types of thinking: intuitive (automatic) and analytical (deliberative). These two processes often work in parallel or in conflict with each other, influencing our judgments, reasoning, problem-solving, and behavior. Intuitive Process The intuitive process,

Dual Personality: A dual personality, also known as dissociative identity disorder (DID), is a mental health condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states within an individual. Each identity may have its own unique behaviors, memories, and way of interacting with the environment. Causes: The exact cause of dual

Dual Coding: The concept of dual coding refers to the cognitive process of using both verbal and visual representations of information to enhance learning and memory. Verbal Coding: Verbal coding involves encoding information in the form of words, language, or written text. This can include listening to spoken instructions, reading or writing text, and mentally

Definition of Dual Attitudes Dual attitudes refer to the existence of contradictory attitudes or evaluative responses towards the same object or concept within an individual. These dual attitudes can coexist and influence behavior and decision-making processes. Understanding Dual Attitudes Dual attitudes occur when an individual holds both positive and negative evaluations of a particular object,