InGroup Bias: Definition: InGroup Bias, also referred to as in-group favoritism or ingroup advantage, is a cognitive bias ingrained in human psychology that involves individuals’ tendency to develop more positive attitudes and show preferential treatment towards members of their own social group, referred to as the “in-group.” This bias stems from an inherent human need […]
Ingroup: An ingroup refers to a social group to which an individual belongs or with which they identify themselves. It is a collective term used to describe a group of people who share similar characteristics, interests, beliefs, or goals. Ingroup membership often creates a sense of belonging, camaraderie, and mutual support among its members. Characteristics
Ingratiation Definition: Ingratiation is a social influence tactic that involves using strategic efforts to gain favor, approval, or acceptance from others. It refers to the act of intentionally behaving in a certain way in order to create a positive impression or build rapport with someone. Characteristics: Strategic Behavior: Ingratiation involves consciously adopting behaviors, such as
Infradian Rhythms Infradian rhythms are biological rhythms that occur over a period longer than 24 hours. These rhythmic cycles govern various physiological and behavioral processes in living organisms. Infradian rhythms are classified as one of the two main types of biological rhythms, the other being ultradian rhythms. Unlike ultradian rhythms, which have a period shorter
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Informed Consent (Definition) Informed consent refers to the process of obtaining permission from an individual or their legally authorized representative, after providing relevant information about a particular procedure, treatment, or study. The purpose of informed consent is to ensure that the individual is fully aware of the risks, benefits, alternatives, and potential outcomes before making
Informational Social Influence Informational Social Influence refers to the psychological phenomenon where individuals conform to the beliefs or actions of a group in order to obtain accurate information or make correct decisions. It occurs when people adopt the behavior or opinions of others, especially when they feel uncertain about a situation and believe that others
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Information Processing Model The Information Processing Model is a theoretical framework that explains how humans process and organize information received from the environment or stored in memory. It describes the sequential flow of information through various stages, including input, encoding, storage, retrieval, and output. Input The input stage involves the reception of information from the
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Information Bias Definition: Information bias refers to a type of bias that occurs when there are inaccuracies, errors, or deficiencies in the information collected or used in a research study, resulting in a distorted understanding or interpretation of the data. Types of Information Bias: Selection bias: This type of information bias occurs when the selection
Definition of Informal Sanctions Informal sanctions refer to the actions taken by individuals or groups within a society to enforce certain norms or values without the involvement of formal legal institutions. Key Points: Informal sanctions are non-legal and often arise from social, cultural, or traditional norms. These sanctions can be positive or negative, depending on
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Informal Reasoning Definition: Informal reasoning refers to the thought processes and decision-making methods that occur without relying on strict rules and formal logic. It is a type of reasoning that relies on personal experiences, intuition, emotions, and real-life observations rather than systematic deduction or scientific evidence. Characteristics of Informal Reasoning Subjectivity: Informal reasoning is subjective
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