Institutional Review Board (IRB) An IRB is a committee that reviews and approves research studies involving human participants to ensure their rights, safety, and well-being are protected. Mandate An IRB’s primary responsibility is to guarantee that research involving human subjects adheres to established ethical standards and complies with relevant regulations, policies, and guidelines. Composition IRBs […]
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Definition: The Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS) is a standardized test designed to assess the academic achievement of students from kindergarten through 8th grade. It measures the students’ understanding and application of basic skills in various subject areas, including reading, language arts, mathematics, science, and social studies. Purpose: The primary purpose of the ITBS
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Iowa Gambling Task: The Iowa Gambling Task is a psychological test designed to measure decision-making abilities under uncertain conditions. It was developed by Antoine Bechara, Antonio Damasio, Hanna Damasio, and Steven Anderson at the University of Iowa in 1994. Objective: The objective of the Iowa Gambling Task is to assess an individual’s ability to make
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Definition: An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge. Key Points: Atoms or Molecules: Ions can be formed from either atoms or molecules. Electron Gain or Loss: Ions are formed when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons.
Definition The term ionotropic refers to a type of receptor or channel that is directly linked to an ion channel and immediately opens or closes in response to binding with a specific ligand or neurotransmitter. The activation of ionotropic receptors leads to rapid changes in the flow of ions across the cell membrane, thereby altering
Definition: Ion Channel An ion channel refers to a specialized protein-based pore present in the cell membrane that allows the selective passage of ions in and out of the cell. These channels facilitate the movement of charged particles across the membrane, which is crucial for various physiological processes such as nerve signaling, muscle contraction, and
Involutional Melancholia Definition: Involutional melancholia is a subtype of major depressive disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness that typically occur in middle-aged or elderly individuals. The term “involutional” refers to the natural process of age-related changes and decline.
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Definition of Involuntary Urination Involuntary urination, also known as urinary incontinence, refers to the loss of bladder control, leading to the unintentional release of urine. It is a common condition that affects people of all ages but is more prevalent in older individuals, particularly women. Causes There are various causes that can contribute to involuntary
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Definition of Involuntary Hospitalization Involuntary hospitalization refers to the act of confining and treating individuals in a psychiatric hospital or mental health facility against their will or without their consent. Criteria for Involuntary Hospitalization Several conditions or circumstances must typically be met for a person to be involuntarily hospitalized: The individual’s mental state poses a
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Involuntary Commitment: Involuntary commitment refers to a legal process in which an individual with a suspected mental illness or substance abuse disorder is admitted to a psychiatric facility or treatment program against their will. Criteria for Involuntary Commitment: 1. Danger to Self: The person poses a significant risk of causing harm to themselves, such as
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