Definition

Catarrhal ophthalmia refers to an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the front surface of the eye and lining the inside of the eyelids, caused by an infection or an allergic reaction.

Subtypes

Infectious Catarrhal Ophthalmia

Allergic Catarrhal Ophthalmia

Causes

1. Infectious Catarrhal Ophthalmia:

  • Bacterial infection
  • Viral infection

2. Allergic Catarrhal Ophthalmia:

  • Allergens such as pollen, dust, or pet dander

Symptoms

  • Redness of the eyes
  • Watery or mucous discharge
  • Itching or burning sensation
  • Gritty feeling in the eyes
  • Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
  • Excessive tearing

Treatment

1. Infectious Catarrhal Ophthalmia:

  • Antibiotic eye drops or ointments
  • Warm compresses to alleviate discomfort
  • Good hygiene practices (avoid touching eyes with dirty hands)

2. Allergic Catarrhal Ophthalmia:

  • Oral or topical antihistamines
  • Artificial tears to relieve dryness
  • Avoidance of known allergens

Prevention

  • Regular handwashing
  • Avoiding touching the eyes with unwashed hands
  • Using clean tissues or handkerchiefs
  • Proper cleaning of contact lenses
  • Minimizing exposure to known allergens