Cardiomyopathy
Description:
Cardiomyopathy refers to a group of progressive heart diseases that affect the structure and function of the heart muscle. It is characterized by the enlargement, thickening, or stiffness of the heart muscle, impairing its ability to pump blood efficiently.
Types of Cardiomyopathy:
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by the abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, which makes it harder for the heart to relax and fill with blood between beats.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy:
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition where the heart chambers become enlarged, weakening the heart muscle and reducing its ability to contract effectively.
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy:
Restrictive cardiomyopathy involves the rigidity of the heart muscle, limiting its ability to expand and fill with blood properly.
Causes:
The causes of cardiomyopathy can vary, including:
- Genetic mutations
- Prolonged high blood pressure
- Heart tissue damage from heart attacks or coronary artery disease
- Chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes, thyroid disease)
- Infections
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Drug abuse
- Pregnancy-related factors
Symptoms:
Common symptoms of cardiomyopathy may include:
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Swelling in the ankles, feet, or legs
- Irregular heartbeats or palpitations
- Dizziness or fainting
- Chest pain or discomfort
Diagnosis and Treatment:
Diagnostic tests such as echocardiography, electrocardiogram, and cardiac MRI can help identify and assess the type and severity of cardiomyopathy. Treatment options may include medication, lifestyle changes, implanted devices (e.g., pacemaker), surgery, or heart transplantation.