Cachexia:

Cachexia refers to a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by significant involuntary weight loss, muscle wasting, fatigue, and loss of appetite. It is commonly associated with chronic illnesses like cancer, HIV/AIDS, chronic kidney disease, and COPD.

Causes:

Cachexia is primarily caused by a combination of factors including pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased energy expenditure, reduced food intake, and metabolic alterations. Inflammatory mediators released during chronic diseases play a crucial role in triggering and perpetuating cachexia.

Symptoms:

Individuals with cachexia experience severe weight loss, predominantly in the form of muscle wasting. Other common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, anemia, loss of appetite, and decreased overall functional ability.

Treatment:

The management of cachexia aims to improve the quality of life and slow down the progression of the condition. It involves a multidisciplinary approach focusing on nutritional support, physical exercise, appetite stimulants, and addressing the underlying cause of cachexia, such as treating the primary disease.

Prognosis:

Cachexia is associated with poor prognosis, increased morbidity, and mortality rates. It significantly affects the body’s ability to respond to treatments and increases the risk of complications and mortality, especially in advanced stages of the underlying disease.