Berkson’s Paradox:

Berkson’s Paradox is a statistical phenomenon that occurs when two variables, each individually unrelated to a certain outcome, appear to be related to that outcome when analyzed together.

Berkson’s Bias:

Berkson’s Bias is a specific manifestation of Berkson’s Paradox in which a selection bias arises due to the process of sampling. It occurs when the selection of individuals for a study or analysis is based on the presence or absence of a specific condition, leading to a distorted relationship between the variables of interest.