Definition:

Basal cell refers to a type of skin cancer that originates in the basal cells, which are located in the deepest layer of the epidermis (outer layer of the skin). Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer.

Basal Cells:

The basal cells are found in the basal layer of the epidermis, responsible for producing new skin cells. They continuously divide and push older cells towards the surface, where they eventually flake off and are replaced by newer cells from below.

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC):

Basal cell carcinoma is a slow-growing form of skin cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of basal cells. It usually develops on areas of the body frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, scalp, ears, and back of the hands.

Causes:

1. Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is considered the primary cause of basal cell carcinoma. Overexposure to UV rays damages the DNA in the skin cells, leading to abnormal growth.

2. Genetic Factors: Certain genetic conditions, such as basal cell nevus syndrome, can increase the risk of developing basal cell carcinoma.

3. Personal History: Individuals who have previously had a basal cell carcinoma are at a higher risk of developing another one in the future.

4. Age: Basal cell carcinoma is more commonly diagnosed in older individuals, typically over the age of 50.

Symptoms:

Basal cell carcinomas often appear as small, pinkish or pearly nodules on the skin. They may also present as flat, red, scaly patches or as shiny, translucent bumps. These lesions are usually slow-growing and rarely spread to other parts of the body.

Treatment:

Several treatment options are available for basal cell carcinoma, including:

1. Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor is a common approach. This may involve excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, or electrodessication and curettage.

2. Radiation Therapy: High-energy X-rays are directed at the cancerous cells to destroy them.

3. Topical Medications: Certain creams or gels may be prescribed to treat superficial basal cell carcinomas.

4. Cryotherapy: Liquid nitrogen is applied to the affected area to freeze and destroy the cancer cells.

It is important to consult a qualified healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis, personalized treatment plan, and ongoing monitoring in cases of basal cell carcinoma.