Bacterial Endocarditis (BE)
Description:
Bacterial endocarditis (BE), also known as infective endocarditis, is an infection that affects the inner lining of the heart valves and the heart chambers. It occurs when bacteria or other microorganisms enter the bloodstream and attach themselves to the damaged or abnormal heart valves or tissues.
Causes:
BE is usually caused by bacteria, but it can also be caused by fungi or other microorganisms. The bacteria can enter the bloodstream through various sources, such as dental procedures, surgeries, intravenous drug use, or other infections in the body. Individuals with pre-existing heart conditions or damaged heart valves are at a higher risk of developing BE.
Symptoms:
The symptoms of BE can vary depending on the severity of the infection. Common symptoms include fever, fatigue, chills, persistent cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, joint pain, and muscle aches. In severe cases, BE can lead to heart failure, stroke, or sepsis.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosing BE requires a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, blood tests, and imaging tests. Blood cultures are conducted to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection. Additional tests, such as echocardiography, may be performed to assess the extent of heart valve damage.
Treatment:
BE is typically treated with a combination of antibiotics tailored to the specific bacteria causing the infection. The treatment course can range from a few weeks to several months, depending on the severity of the infection. In some cases, surgery may be required to repair or replace damaged heart valves.
Prevention:
Preventing BE involves practicing good oral hygiene, promptly treating infections in the body (such as dental or skin infections), and taking appropriate antibiotics before dental or invasive procedures if determined necessary by the healthcare provider. Individuals with pre-existing heart conditions should follow their healthcare provider’s recommendations to minimize the risk of developing BE.