Babinski Reflex

The Babinski reflex, also known as the Babinski sign, is a neurological response that occurs when the sole of the foot is stimulated. This reflex is commonly observed in infants, but it should typically disappear by the age of two. If the reflex persists or reappears in older children or adults, it may indicate an underlying neurological condition.

Stimulation

To elicit the Babinski reflex, a healthcare professional uses a blunt instrument, such as their finger, to stroke the outer edge of the sole of the foot from the heel to the base of the toes. The stroke should be firm and consistent.

Response

In a normal response, the toes flex downwards and towards the sole of the foot. This is known as a flexor response or a negative Babinski sign.

However, in individuals with abnormal or present Babinski reflex, an extensor response occurs. The big toe moves upward and extends, while the other toes fan outwards or extend. This is referred to as a positive Babinski sign and suggests dysfunction in the central nervous system.

Significance

While the Babinski reflex is normal in infants, its persistence can indicate severe neurological disorders such as brain or spinal cord injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, brain tumor, or certain genetic and metabolic disorders. Hence, when the Babinski reflex is present in older individuals, further diagnostic tests are often conducted to determine the underlying cause.