Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)

Definition:

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), also referred to as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder that primarily affects children but can persist into adulthood. It is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, which significantly impact an individual’s daily functioning and development.

Subtypes:

There are three subtypes of ADD, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fifth Edition (DSM-5):

  1. Predominantly Inattentive Presentation: Individuals primarily exhibit symptoms of inattention, such as difficulty sustaining attention, organizing tasks, and following instructions.
  2. Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation: Individuals primarily exhibit symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity, such as excessive fidgeting, talking excessively, and acting without considering consequences.
  3. Combined Presentation: Individuals exhibit symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, which are equally significant and impairing.

Symptoms:

The symptoms of ADD manifest across various settings, including home, school, and social environments. Common symptoms may include:

  • Inattention and poor focus
  • Forgetfulness and disorganization
  • Impulsivity and difficulties with impulse control
  • Frequent fidgeting and restlessness
  • Excessive talking and interrupting others
  • Struggles with following instructions and completing tasks
  • Difficulty staying engaged in activities

Treatment:

Treatment for ADD often involves a combination of medication, behavioral therapy, and educational interventions. Medications such as stimulants or non-stimulants may be prescribed to manage symptoms. Behavioral therapy aims to improve self-control, organizational skills, and social interactions. Educational interventions involve special accommodations in school settings to support academic success.

Conclusion:

While ADD can present challenges in daily life, with proper diagnosis and comprehensive treatment, individuals can learn to manage symptoms effectively, improve focus and attention, and lead fulfilling lives.