The Army Alpha is a standardized written intelligence test developed during World War I by the United States Army in conjunction with the American Psychological Association. It aimed to assess the intellectual abilities and aptitude of recruits in order to determine their suitability for various military roles and assignments.

The Army Alpha test was created to address the need for a reliable and efficient method of evaluating the mental capabilities of a large number of military recruits during wartime. It played a crucial role in identifying individuals with the appropriate cognitive skills and potential for leadership or specialized tasks.

The test consisted of a series of multiple-choice questions covering various topics including arithmetic, vocabulary, analogy, information ordering, and general knowledge. Its structure allowed for speedy administration and scoring, making it suitable for testing large groups of individuals simultaneously.

The Army Alpha test served as a foundational model for subsequent intelligence tests, influencing the development of future assessments such as the Army Beta, which was designed for illiterate or non-English speaking individuals. Its innovative design and efficient methodology set a precedent for future testing practices in both military and civilian contexts.