Definition
Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is an allergic response characterized by inflammation of the nasal passages. It occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or mold spores.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of allergic rhinitis include:
- Nasal congestion
- Runny nose
- Sneezing
- Itchy or watery eyes
- Itchy throat or ears
- Coughing
- Fatigue
Causes
Allergic rhinitis is caused by an immune system response to specific allergens. When a person with allergic rhinitis comes into contact with an allergen, their immune system releases histamine and other chemicals, leading to inflammation in the nasal passages.
Treatment
Treatment options for allergic rhinitis include:
- Antihistamine medications to reduce symptoms
- Nasal corticosteroid sprays to reduce inflammation
- Allergy shots (immunotherapy) to desensitize the immune system
- Avoidance of allergens whenever possible
Prevention
Although allergic rhinitis cannot be completely prevented, there are some measures that can help reduce the risk of developing symptoms:
- Keep windows closed during high pollen seasons
- Use air filters and purifiers
- Regularly clean bedding and carpets to minimize dust mites
- Avoid exposure to pets or take measures to reduce animal allergens
Conclusion
Allergic rhinitis is a common condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and available treatment options can help individuals manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.