Definition:
An alkaloid is a type of organic compound that is found naturally in certain plants and animals. These compounds contain one or more nitrogen atoms and have pronounced physiological effects on humans and other organisms.
Characteristics:
- Heterocyclic structure: Alkaloids typically possess a complex ring structure, known as a heterocycle, which contains at least one nitrogen atom.
- Bitter taste: Alkaloids often exhibit a bitter taste, though this characteristic may not be universal for all alkaloid compounds
- Biological activity: Many alkaloids have significant physiological effects on living organisms, and they can interact with various receptors and enzymes in the body.
- Wide distribution: Alkaloids occur naturally in various plants, fungi, and animals, and they play important roles in defense mechanisms and other biological functions.
Examples:
Examples of alkaloids include caffeine found in coffee, morphine derived from opium poppies, nicotine found in tobacco, and quinine obtained from the bark of certain trees.