Akathisia

Definition

Akathisia is a term used in psychology to describe a subjective sense of inner restlessness, accompanied by an urge to move or an inability to sit still. Derived from the Greek words “akathemi” (meaning “to be unable to sit”) and “isia” (meaning “condition of”), akathisia can be a distressing and uncomfortable experience for those who encounter it.

Causes

Akathisia can have various causes, including the use of certain medications, particularly antipsychotics and antidepressants. It can also be a side effect of withdrawal from these medications. Other potential triggers may include substance abuse, neurological disorders, and even physiological conditions such as iron deficiency anemia.

Symptoms

Individuals with akathisia often experience an overwhelming sense of restlessness and an irresistible urge to keep moving. Common symptoms include:

Continuous rocking or pacing
Fidgeting or tapping of the feet
Shifting weight from one leg to another
Agitation or irritability
Anxiety
Insomnia or difficulty sleeping

It is important to note that akathisia can mimic symptoms of other conditions, such as anxiety disorders or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Therefore, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.

Types

There are two primary types of akathisia:

Acute Akathisia: This type typically occurs shortly after the initiation of medication or adjustment of dosage. The symptoms are often intense and may ease with time or a change in medication.
Chronic Akathisia: Chronic akathisia persists for an extended period, usually lasting for several months or more. It can be more challenging to manage and may require ongoing treatment.

Treatment

Managing akathisia involves addressing the underlying cause while also providing relief from the symptoms. The following approaches are commonly utilized:

Medication Adjustment

If akathisia arises as a side effect of medication, a healthcare professional may consider adjusting the dosage or switching to an alternative medication to alleviate the symptoms.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, can assist individuals in coping with the distressing symptoms of akathisia. It may also address any underlying psychological factors contributing to the restlessness.

Supplementary Medications

In some cases, additional medications, such as beta-blockers or benzodiazepines, may be prescribed to help reduce restlessness and promote relaxation.

Lifestyle Adaptations

Certain lifestyle adjustments, such as engaging in regular physical activity, practicing relaxation techniques, and avoiding substances known to exacerbate restlessness (e.g., caffeine or stimulants), can have a positive impact on managing akathisia.

Conclusion

Akathisia can be an uncomfortable condition characterized by inner restlessness and an overwhelming urge to move. While it can be distressing, exploring appropriate treatment options, including medication adjustments, psychotherapy, and lifestyle adaptations, can help individuals find relief from these symptoms. Consulting a healthcare professional is essential for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.