Definition:

Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside composed of adenine and ribose. It is an essential molecule involved in various physiological processes in the human body.

Structure:

Adenosine consists of a purine base called adenine bonded to a five-carbon sugar molecule called ribose. The ribose molecule is connected to the nitrogenous base at the 1′ carbon position, forming a nucleoside.

Function:

Adenosine serves as an important building block for the synthesis of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. It also plays a critical role in cellular energy transfer, acting as a component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of cells.

Physiological Effects:

Adenosine acts as a signaling molecule in various physiological processes, including neurotransmission, vasodilation, and regulation of heart rate. It binds to specific receptors in the body, influencing the activity of neurons, smooth muscle cells, and cardiac tissue.

Medical Applications:

Adenosine has several medical applications, such as being used as a diagnostic tool for identifying and evaluating certain heart conditions. It is also administered as a medication to treat certain heart rhythm disturbances, namely supraventricular tachycardia.

Side Effects and Precautions:

While generally considered safe when administered under medical supervision, adenosine may cause temporary side effects, including flushing, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and lightheadedness. Individuals with certain pre-existing conditions or taking specific medications may require special precautions when using adenosine.