Action Science

Action Science is a methodology and approach developed by Chris Argyris and Donald Schön that focuses on better understanding and improving individual and collective action within organizations. It involves examining and analyzing the reasons behind people’s actions and behaviors and aims to promote learning and development through reflective practice.

Main Principles

Action Science encompasses several key principles:

  • Triple Loop Learning: It emphasizes the importance of identifying and challenging underlying assumptions and mental models that drive actions and behavior.
  • Model I and Model II Behaviors: Model I behaviors involve defensive and self-protective actions, while Model II behaviors encourage reflective inquiry, mutual respect, and open dialogue.
  • Valid Information: It emphasizes the significance of accurately distinguishing between subjective interpretations and objective observations.

Core Processes

Action Science involves the following core processes:

  1. Intervention: Facilitating interventions to foster learning and promote behavioral change.
  2. Inquiry: Engaging in rigorous questioning to explore and challenge assumptions.
  3. Advocacy: Encouraging individuals to voice their perspectives and advocate for their beliefs.
  4. Reflection: Engaging in self-reflection and collective reflection to enhance learning and increase self-awareness.

Applications

Action Science finds applications in various areas:

  • Organizational Development: It helps identify and address systemic barriers to effective action within organizations.
  • Leadership Development: It enables leaders to enhance their self-awareness and develop more effective behaviors.
  • Conflict Resolution: It supports the resolution of conflicts by uncovering underlying assumptions and exploring different perspectives.
  • Team Building: It facilitates the development of trust, collaboration, and effective communication within teams.