Acromegaly:

Definition:

Acromegaly is a chronic hormonal disorder characterized by the excessive release of growth hormone (GH) in adulthood. This overproduction of GH is usually caused by a noncancerous tumor called pituitary adenoma, which develops in the pituitary gland.

Causes:

• Pituitary adenoma: The most common cause of acromegaly is the presence of a pituitary tumor, usually benign, that leads to an overproduction of GH.
• Rare cases: In rare instances, acromegaly can be caused by tumors in other parts of the body, such as the lungs or pancreas, that produce GH-releasing hormone (GHRH).

Symptoms:

• Enlargement of the extremities (hands and feet)
• Facial changes, including enlargement of the nose, lips, and ears
• Thickening of the skin
• Joint pain and swelling
• Increased sweating and body odor
• Deeper voice
• Sleep apnea
• Headaches

Diagnosis:

Acromegaly is diagnosed through a combination of medical history analysis, physical examination, hormone level measurements (GH and insulin-like growth factor 1), and imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to locate and determine the size of the pituitary tumor.

Treatment:

• Tumor removal: Surgical removal of the pituitary tumor is often the first-line treatment for acromegaly.
• Medications: Medications can be used to reduce GH production or block its effects.
• Radiation therapy: In some cases, radiation therapy may be used to shrink or destroy the tumor.

Prognosis:

With appropriate treatment, the symptoms and complications of acromegaly can be effectively managed. However, the condition requires lifelong monitoring, and long-term complications can still occur, especially if the diagnosis and treatment are delayed.