Acidosis

Acidosis refers to a medical condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of acid in the blood and body tissues, resulting in a decrease in the pH level below the normal range of 7.35-7.45.

Types of Acidosis

Acidosis can be classified into two main types:

• Respiratory Acidosis: This type of acidosis occurs when there is inadequate removal of carbon dioxide (CO₂) by the lungs. It can be caused by conditions such as hypoventilation, lung diseases, or respiratory failure.
• Metabolic Acidosis: Metabolic acidosis occurs due to the accumulation of acids in the body as a result of abnormal metabolic processes. Causes include diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, severe diarrhea, and certain medication side effects.

Symptoms of Acidosis

The signs and symptoms of acidosis may vary depending on its underlying cause and severity. Common symptoms include:

• Confusion or lethargy
• Rapid breathing or shortness of breath
• Headache
• Fatigue or weakness
• Nausea or vomiting
• Increased heart rate
• Fluctuations in blood pressure

Treatment of Acidosis

The treatment of acidosis aims to correct the underlying cause and restore the acid-base balance in the body. It may involve:

• Administration of intravenous fluids to rehydrate the body
• Oxygen therapy
• Medications to correct electrolyte imbalances or manage the underlying condition
• In severe cases, dialysis may be required to remove excess acids from the blood

It is important to seek prompt medical attention if acidosis is suspected to prevent any potential complications.