Definition:

4-Hydroxybutanoic Acid is a naturally occurring organic compound that belongs to the group of hydroxy acids. Also known as gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), it consists of a four-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to one of the carbon atoms.

Properties and Characteristics:

4-Hydroxybutanoic Acid appears as a colorless, odorless crystalline solid at room temperature. It is highly soluble in water and miscible with various organic solvents. This compound exhibits acidic properties due to the presence of the carboxyl group (-COOH) and can act as both a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor. 4-Hydroxybutanoic Acid has a molecular formula of C₄H₈O₃ and a molecular weight of 104.11 g/mol.

Occurrence:

4-Hydroxybutanoic Acid is found naturally in the human body as a metabolite of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is also present in certain fermented food and beverages, including wine and some types of cheese.

Uses:

4-Hydroxybutanoic Acid has various applications in different fields:

• In medicine, it is used as a treatment for narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness.
• It is also employed as an anesthetic in some surgical procedures.
• In the food industry, 4-Hydroxybutanoic Acid is used as a flavoring agent and food preservative.
• Furthermore, it has been utilized as a recreational drug, primarily due to its euphoric and sedative effects.

Health and Safety:

When used improperly or at high doses, 4-Hydroxybutanoic Acid can pose health risks. It has been associated with addiction, physical dependence, and potential overdose effects on the central nervous system. Therefore, it is crucial to handle and use this compound with caution, following all safety guidelines and regulations.