Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) refers to a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an individual’s communication skills, social interactions, and behavior. It is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, strengths, and challenges that vary from person to person.

1. Communication

ASD often leads to difficulties in verbal and nonverbal communication. Individuals with ASD may have delayed language development, struggle with understanding and using gestures, and exhibit difficulties in initiating and maintaining conversations. They may also show repetitive or restricted patterns of speech.

2. Social Interactions

Individuals with ASD commonly experience challenges in social interactions and relationships. They may struggle with understanding social cues, expressing empathy, and engaging in reciprocal conversations. Difficulties in forming and maintaining friendships and limited interest in sharing activities with others are also common.

3. Behavior

ASD often involves repetitive behavior patterns or restricted interests. Individuals with ASD may display repetitive movements (e.g., hand-flapping, rocking), intense focus on specific topics, and resistance to changes in routines or environments. Sensory sensitivities, such as hypersensitivity to light or sound, are also commonly associated with ASD.

4. Spectrum

ASD exists on a spectrum, meaning that individuals can experience a wide range of symptoms and levels of impairment. The severity of symptoms can vary from mild to severe, and some individuals with ASD may possess exceptional skills or talents, known as “islands of brilliance,” in specific areas such as music, art, or mathematics.