Anaphylaxis

  1. Definition:

    2. Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs rapidly after exposure to an allergen. It is characterized by the release of chemicals, such as histamine, from immune cells throughout the body.

  2. Causes:

    3. Anaphylaxis can be triggered by various allergens, including certain foods (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), medications (e.g., penicillin, aspirin), insect stings or bites (e.g., bee venom, wasp stings), latex, and even exercise.

  3. Symptoms:

    4. The symptoms of anaphylaxis can vary but commonly include hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, low blood pressure, dizziness, fainting, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

  4. Treatment:

    5. Anaphylaxis requires immediate medical attention. Treatment often involves administering epinephrine via an auto-injector (such as an EpiPen) to help reverse the symptoms and stabilize blood pressure. Antihistamines and corticosteroids may also be used to reduce inflammation.

  5. Prevention:

    6. Preventing anaphylaxis involves avoiding known allergens and carrying emergency epinephrine auto-injectors if at risk. Allergy testing can help identify triggers, and individuals with a history of anaphylaxis should develop an action plan with their healthcare provider.

  6. Risk Factors:

    7. Anyone can experience anaphylaxis, but individuals with a history of allergies or asthma are at a higher risk. Previous episodes of anaphylaxis, certain medical conditions, and family history of anaphylaxis or allergies can also increase the risk.