Amblyopia

Definition:

Amblyopia, also known as lazy eye, is a visual disorder characterized by decreased vision in one or both eyes that cannot be fully corrected with glasses or contact lenses. It occurs when the brain and the affected eye(s) do not work together correctly.

Causes:

Amblyopia can occur due to various factors, including:

  1. Strabismus: When the eyes are misaligned, causing one eye to turn in, out, up, or down.
  2. Refractive error: Such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism, which cause blurred vision.
  3. Blockage: Something obstructing light from entering the eye, such as a cataract or droopy eyelid.

Symptoms:

Signs and symptoms of amblyopia may include:

  • Blurred or fuzzy vision in one or both eyes.
  • Poor depth perception.
  • Squinting or shutting one eye.
  • Tilting or turning the head to see objects.
  • Eyes not moving together.

Treatment:

Early detection and treatment of amblyopia are important for the best possible outcomes. Treatment options generally include:

  • Patching: Covering the stronger eye with an adhesive patch to force the brain to use the weaker eye, thus improving vision.
  • Atropine eye drops: Blurring the vision in the stronger eye to encourage the weaker eye to work harder.
  • Glasses or contact lenses: Correcting any refractive errors to improve visual acuity.
  • Vision therapy: Exercises and activities to train the eyes and brain to work together more effectively.

Prevention:

While amblyopia cannot always be prevented, regular eye exams in childhood help in early detection. Prompt treatment of any underlying eye conditions, such as cataracts or strabismus, also reduces the risk of developing amblyopia.